Le métronidazole (Flagyl) reste la référence dans le traitement des infections anaérobies et des parasitoses comme la giardiase ou l’amibiase. Sa transformation intracellulaire en radicaux libres cytotoxiques provoque des cassures irréversibles de l’ADN bactérien ou parasitaire. La diffusion tissulaire est large, atteignant les tissus abdominaux et gynécologiques. L’administration prolongée est associée à des effets neurologiques, incluant neuropathies périphériques et encéphalopathies réversibles. L’association avec l’alcool déclenche une réaction de type antabuse. Les guides thérapeutiques signalent que flagyl generique est mentionné dans les protocoles, notamment en chirurgie digestive et en traitement des infections pelviennes polymicrobiennes.

ÃÞÝÁ_mm_1451_text01.qxp (page 78)

Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect)
Monolithic IC MM1451
This IC is used for double-protection of lithium-ion batteries with from one to three cells, and has an ultra- compact package. Short-circuits between cells accommodate series connections of one to three cells.
Features
1. Overcharge detection voltage accuracy (0°C to 50°C) 4. Pin I/O current between cells (Vcell=3.8V) 5. Delay time on overcharge voltage detection (Ct=0.22µF) Applications
IC for double-protection of lithium-ion batteries with one to three cells.
Pin Assignment
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Block Diagram
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Pin Description
Functions
Equivalent circuit diagram
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Absolute Maximun Ratings (Ta=25°C)
Operating temparature
Storage temparature
VCC Input voltage
V1 Input voltage *1
V2 Input voltage *1
V3 Input voltage *1
Ct pin voltage *2
VOUT pin voltage
Allowable loss
Note 1 : *1 18V >= V3 >= V2 >= V1 >= -0.3 Note 2 : *2 Do not impress current of 300µA or more on the Ct pin.
Electrical Characteristics 1 (Except where noted otherwise, Ta=25°C, VCEL=V3-V2=V2-V1=V1-GND, VCC=3 VCEL)
Measurement conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Current consumption 1
Current consumption 2
Pin I/O current between cells
Overcharge detection voltage
Hysterisis voltage
Overcharge detection delay time
Output current
Electrical Characteristics 2 (Except where noted otherwise, Ta=25°C, VCEL=V3-V2=V2-V1=V1-GND, VCC=3 VCEL)
Measurement conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Current consumption 1
Current consumption 2
Pin I/O current between cells
Overcharge detection voltage
Hysterisis voltage
Overcharge detection delay time
Output current
Output leakage current
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Electrical Characteristics 3 (Except where noted otherwise, Ta=25°C, VCEL=V3-V2=V2-V1=V1-GND, VCC=3 VCEL )
Measurement conditions
Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Current consumption 1
Current consumption 2
Current consumption 3
Current consumption 4
Pin I/O current between cells
Overcharge detection voltage
Hysterisis voltage
Overcharge detection delay time
Output current
Output leakage current
Measuring Circuit
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Application Circuit
Note 1: Can support 1, 2 or 3 cells by shorting each cell. However, be sure to connect a battery for V3 cell.
V3 cell may not operate correctly when shorted.
Note 2: When connecting batteries, be sure to connect in the following order: GND V3, and VCC Note 3: Output may go ON momentarily when starting up power supply. If this error output during startup becomes a problem, connect the VCC pin last.
Note 4: Operation can not be guaranteed for connections other than the above.
Timing Chart
OUT
(at Ct short)
(at Ct open)
Note: Output goes low simultaneously with overcharge detection at Ct pin short and open.
Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (for Double-Protect) MM1451
Characteristics
Detection voltage
Output delay time
Delay time (S)
Output voltage (V)
Input voltage (No delay) (V)
Temperature (°C)
Consumption current
Pin I/O current between cells
Consumption
current (
Pin I/O current
between cells ( -0.3
Cell voltage (V)
Cell voltage (V)

Source: http://www.ast-home.narod.ru/akkum/MM1451.pdf