International Committee of Medical Journal
The vancouver.bst bibliographic style file (for LATEX/BibTEX) is generated
with the docstrip utility and modified manually to meet the “Uniform Require-ments for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals” as published in NEngl J Med 1997;336:309-315. (also known as the Vancouver style). This speci-fication may be found on the web page of the International Committe of MedicalJournal Editors. 1 The following samples of reference citation formats were takenfrom the National Library of Medicine web site to show what works and whatdoes not (yet). 2
In order to meet all citation formats, several entry types – such as @map,
@patent, @dictionary and @webpage – and fields – such as inventor, as-signee (for patents), cartographer (for maps), part, lastchecked, and up-dated (for webpages). For proper use of these entries and fields I refer to thevancouver.bib file included with the package.
List the first six authors followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.)Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infectedpatients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7. 3
As an option, if a journal carries continuous pagination throughout a volume
(as many medical journals do) the month and issue number may be omitted. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infectedpatients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7. 4
Optional addition of a database’s unique identifier for the ci-tation:
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infectedpatients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7. Cited in PubMed; PMID12140307. 5
Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, etal. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after corticalcontusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6. 6
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.
proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86. 7
Both personal authors and an organization as author(This example does not conform to NISO standards.)
Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One StudyGroup. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinarytract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61. 8
21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184. 9
(Note: NLM translates the title into English, encloses the translation in squarebrackets,
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7. 10
Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptanwith short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparisonwith sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9. 11
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12. 12
Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological view-point. Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Pt 2):491-5. 13
Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Developmentof a large animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt1):923-8. 14
Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis inrevision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8. 15
Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction. 2002Jun:1-6. 16
Chadwick R, Schuklenk U. The politics of ethical consensus finding. Bioethics. 2002;16(2):iii-v. 17
Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term oxy-gen
Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Characteris-tics of older methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. Drug AlcoholDepend. 2002;66 Suppl 1:S105. 19
Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalatingdose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Re-traction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. 20
Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalatingdose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. 21
Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. The reproductive importance of P-type ATPases. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;188(1-2):22-5. Corrected and republished from: MolCell Endocrinol. 2001;183(1-2):123-6. 22
Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetesmellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther. 2000;22(10):1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther 2001;23(2):309. 23
Article published electronically ahead of the printversion
Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derivedprecursor cells. Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5. 24
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002. 25
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstet-rics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. 26
Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR,editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001. 27
Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of Adelaide, Department of Clinical Nurs-ing. Compendium of nursing research and practice development, 1999-2000. Adelaide (Australia): Adelaide University; 2001. 28
Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solidtumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of humancancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113. 29
Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings ofthe 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York:Springer; 2002. 30
Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza’s computational effort statisticfor genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, TettamanziAG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5thEuropean Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182-91. 31
Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer En-gineering, Stillwater, OK). Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Finalreport. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air ForceResearch Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. ContractNo.: F496209810049. 32
Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring thesize distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002 Jan. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored bythe Department of Energy. 33
Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Ameri-cans [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University; 2002. 34
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopicgrasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patentUS 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1. 35
Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assaultrate. The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2 (col. 4). 36
Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; 2002. 37
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11 (May 24, 2001).
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430(2002).
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the Science, Benefits and Cost:Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Environment, Technology and Standards ofthe House Comm. on Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4, 2001).
Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map]. Wash-ington: Conservation International; 2000. 38
Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders;2000. Filamin; p. 675. 39
(Note: NLM prefers ”forthcoming” because not all items will be printed.)Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancingselection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In press 2002. 40
Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson’s electronic atlas of hematology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002. 41
Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts inan advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug12];102(6):[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm 42
Foley KM, Gelband H, editors. Improving palliative care for cancer [monographon the Internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001 [cited 2002 Jul9]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/. 43
Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Can-cer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/. 44
American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The As-sociation; c1995-2002 [updated 2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMA Officeof Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html 45
Who’s Certified [database on the Internet].
Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congential Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR)Syndromes [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library ofMedicine (US). c1999 [updated 2001 Nov 20; cited 2002 Aug 12]. Availablefrom: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome title.html 47
MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library ofMedicine (US); 2002 - [cited 2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; unique ID: D015201;[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html 48
1 Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals:
Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication [homepage on the Inter-net]. Philadelphia (PA): International Committee of Medical Journal Ed-itors; 2005 [updated 2006 Feb; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.icmje.org/.
2 Bibliographic Services Division [homepage on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD):
National Library of Medicine (US); c1993 - [updated 2005 Sep 19; cited2006 Mar 10].
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284–7.
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284–7.
infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284–7. Cited in PubMed;PMID 12140307.
6 Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK,
et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations aftercortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40–6.
7 Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and
proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679–86.
8 Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study
Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower
urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257–61.
9 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail.
10 Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785–7.
11 Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan
with short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparisonwith sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93–9.
12 Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology.
13 Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological
viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Pt 2):491–5.
14 Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. De-
velopment of a large animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt 1):923–8.
15 Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in
revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002;(401):230–8.
16 Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction.
The politics of ethical consensus finding.
18 Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term
oxygen therapy [letter]. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(1):242.
19 Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Charac-
teristics of older methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. DrugAlcohol Depend. 2002;66 Suppl 1:S105.
20 Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating
dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909–11.
Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry.
21 Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalat-
ing dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Retraction of:
Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry.
22 Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. The reproductive importance of P-type AT-
Pases. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;188(1-2):22–5. Corrected and republishedfrom: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;183(1-2):123-6.
23 Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther. 2000;22(10):1151–68; discussion 1149–50. Erratum in: Clin Ther 2001;23(2):309.
24 Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-
derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002;100(10):3828–31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.
25 Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiol-
ogy. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
26 Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative ob-
stetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
27 Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek
RR, editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.
28 Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of Adelaide, Department of Clinical
Nursing. Compendium of nursing research and practice development, 1999-2000. Adelaide (Australia): Adelaide University; 2001.
29 Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human
solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis ofhuman cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93–113.
30 Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings
of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. NewYork: Springer; 2002.
An analysis of Koza’s computational effort
statistic for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C,Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedingsof the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5;Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182–91.
Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Final report.
lington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air Force Re-search Laboratory; 2002. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. Contract No.:F496209810049.
33 Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring
the size distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berke-ley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored bythe Department of Energy.
34 Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic
Americans [dissertation]. Central Michigan University. Mount Pleasant (MI);2002.
35 Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endo-
scopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. ; 2002 Aug1.
36 Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in
assault rate. The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2 (col. 4).
37 Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [videocas-
sette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; 2002.
38 Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, cartographers.
Washington: Conservation International; 2000.
39 Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saun-
40 Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing
selection in Arabidopsis; 2002. In press 2002.
41 Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson’s electronic atlas of hematology [CD-
ROM]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2002.
42 Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts
in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002Aug 12];102(6):[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm.
43 Foley KM, Gelband H, editors. Improving palliative care for cancer [mono-
graph on the Internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001 [cited2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/.
44 Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Can-
cer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul9]. Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/.
45 American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The
Association; c1995-2002 [updated 2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMAOffice of Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html.
46 Who’s Certified [database on the Internet]. Evanston (IL): The American
Board of Medical Specialists. c2000 - [cited 2001 Mar 8]. Available from:http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp.
Online Multiple Congential Anomaly/Mental Retardation
(MCA/MR) Syndromes [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NationalLibrary of Medicine (US). c1999 [updated 2001 Nov 20; cited 2002 Aug 12]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome\ title. html.
48 MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Li-
brary of Medicine (US). 2002 - [cited 2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; uniqueID: D015201. [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html.
QUANDO USARE LA BISAND E RISULTATI Case Report I Caso clinico Anestesia BiSand combinata con Peridurale toracica continua Uomo di 60 aa, 79 kg, 179 cm, ASA 2, affetto da enfisema polmonare diffuso, fumatore da oltre 40 anni, viene sottoposto ad intervento di “Resezione Gastro-duodenale allargata e Viscerolisi” per “Adenocarcinoma dell’antro gastrico”. Gli esami ematochimi
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